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Freudian Approach to Self-Esteem

Image via Wikipedia In Freudian theory, low self-esteem is the Superego’s punishment for “bad” behavior. The Superego represents the moral branch of our functioning and contains ideals for which we strive as well as punishments we expect if we violate ethical codes. It is an internal representation of the moral rules of the external social [...]

Research Methodology

Image via Wikipedia There are three approaches to the study of personality: clinical, experimental, and correlational. Clinical Research is based on case studies. A case study describes in detail the study of an individual, capturing the complexities of the personality of the person. The goal of a case study is to obtain a detailed psychological [...]

Dysfunctional Thoughts

The Novice Counselor is human and like everyone else sometimes has dysfunctional thoughts. For example, the Novice Counselor has thoughts which deal with catastrophizing a situation and thinking negatively instead of positively about setbacks. For example she will think: if so-and-so has not called me or emailed her, that means he hates her; or, “if [...]